Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Klorofil dari Daun Suji (Pleomele Angustifolia) sebagai Pewarna Pangan Alami

Nita Aryanti, Aininu Nafiunisa, Fathia Mutiara Willis

Abstract


Pewarna pangan alami merupakan salah satu kontribusi untuk mewujudkan keamanan pangan di Indonesia sebagaimana telah dinyatakan dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan. Klorofil adalah pigmen hijau yang dapat diperoleh dengan proses ekstraksi. Salah satu zat pewarna alami yang paling sering digunakan adalah klorofil dari daun suji. Dalam penelitian ini, klorofil dari daun suji diekstraksi menggunakan ekstraksi maserasi dengan penambahan zat penstabil NaHCO3. Ekstraksi klorofil umumnya menggunakan solvent berbasis alkohol, namun dalam penelitian ini digunakan solvent aquadest. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi, karakterisasi ekstrak, mikroenkapsulasi dan karakterisasi bubuk klorofil. Ekstrak klorofil dianalisa konsentrasi klorofilnya menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Karakterisasi bubuk klorofil meliputi kadar air, analisa nilai kelarutan pewarna klorofil analisa intensitas warna dan uji gugus fungsional spesifik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi klorofil dengan penambahan zat penstabil NaHCO3 sebesar 3% merupakan konsentrasi penambahan terbaik dan menghasilkan konsentrasi klorofil sebesar 41,939 mg/L. Sedangkan tanpa penambahan NaHCO3 menghasilkan ekstrak klorofil cair dengan konsentrasi klorofil sebesar 30,327 mg/L. Bubuk klorofil daun suji yang dihasilkan mempunyai kelarutan 96,15%, kadar air 11,29% dan nilai intensitas warna L*, a* dan b* sebesar 72,454, -12,222 dan 26,494. Analisa gugus fungsional dari bubuk klorofil mengambarkan adanya puncak-puncak spesifik dari karakteristik stuktur klorofil.

Natural food colorant had a contribution for actualizing food safety in Indonesia as assigned in Regulation of Republic of Indonesia Number of 18 in Year of 2012. Chlorophyll was a natural green extract produced by extraction method. Pleomele angustifolia leaves had been frequently applied as traditional food colorant. This research studied maceration extraction to extract chlorophyll from Pleomele angustifolia leaves by using distilled water as a solvent and an addition of NaHCO3 as stabilizer. Further, the chlorohyll extract was microencapsulated using Maltodextrin as wall materal and was characterized. Chlorophyll concentration of the extract was predicted by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Characterization of microencapsulated chlorophyll comprised water content, solubility, color intensity and specific functional group based on its FTIR spectrum. Research showed that concentration of NaHCO3 of 3% resulted on the best chlorophyll concentration, 41,94 mg/L. In contrast, only 30,33 mg/L of chlorophyll cencentration was obtained without stabilizer. Encapsulated chlorophyll of Pleomele angustifolia leaves had solubility of 96,15%, water content of 11,29% and colour intensity of L*, a* and b* as 72,454, -12,222 and 26,494, respectively. Functional groups of FTIR Spectra confirmed specific peaks of chlorophyll chemical structure characteristic.



Keywords


Kata kunci: klorofil, ekstraksi, daun suji, mikroenkapsulasi, pewarna pangan

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17728/jatp.196

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